Starbases are meant to be part of an integrated network of orbital structures working together to make a planet tougher to crack before your fleet can arrive. Building toward the planetary shield component and various armor and weapon components, and then layering your starbase in a network of tightly placed defensive repair structures and guns forces your opponent to fight the starbase before they can even scratch your planet. Starbases require investment before they become truly formidable, but they can also be used for extending your trade network or a depot to repair fleets. That utility is part of the starbase's allure.
We had an internal playtest match last week where my opponent's fully upgraded starbase slowed my assault down just long enough that he was able to get to and destroy my own homeworld. However, with enough time and planning, any defensive layer can be overcome with prudent fleet management and planning.