1. Depends who you ask. People who love roleplaying, watching fleet battles and slowly amassing a huge empire will like single player more. A large variety of mods also increase the appeal of single player (though you can use multiplayer with mods, these are almost always arranged games). Multiplayer appeals more to the RTS focused people, as the AI in Sins can't really challenge you enough to make full use of the strategic depth of the game.
2. This forum community is very good in terms of getting players through the learning curve, advice to improve their skills, and general discussion. Some in the multiplayer community are said to be sort of hostile to newbies, in part because the veterans have years of experience with this game already and due to relatively few new players recently, some view it has a hard to get into club. Many multiplayer veterans are trying to change this though, and with the steam version now released there is likely to be a lot more new players like yourself, so this is an ideal time to try multiplayer, after you get the hang of the game against the AI a bit of course.
3. Not really, the TEC is probably the most popular faction online now, due to their powerful rush game they have at the moment. They are also the least complicated faction so its a good choice for newbies. However the only way the TEC can compete late game is with sheer economy and numbers, as the powerful advanced research and abilities of the other two factions will beat a TEC fleet of equal numbers every time. Thus the TEC focuses one either defeating the Advent/Vasari players early before they can get those abilities online, or getting a large economic lead that they will easily win a war of attrition even if they lose more ships every battle.
4. I'll just say yes, even though I'm not sure what you are asking is worth it.