[HELP] quick question with damagetype (not attacktype)

I know about attacktype for light verylight medium and so on, but then there is also damagetype which can be physical or energy. Im sure there is more but whats the difference between these? do they effect hull/shield differently? what about mitigation?

thanks in advance

p.s. just incase does anyone know if there is a list of all abilities for all species as well as their effects? if so that would help a lot!