ConvertData.exe. It converts them from binaries to text files. You have to run it from the command line though. Or you can just download the text form of files.
Here's my personal store of reference entity files. There are two batch files included along with ConvertData which save me the time of having to manually call it for every file I want to convert.
http://www.mediafire.com/download/lzevn3nds3r9ikx/Reference_1.82.zip
The game can load the text versions of files, it just does so more slowly which is why they're in binary by default.
I'll run through an example with you: PlayerPhaseLoyalist.entity = Vasari Loyalist. Remove line 134 and change 74's value from 154 to 153. After that, Vasari Loyalists won't be able to research it anymore.