Do you mean the randomly assigned planet names and ship designations?
Faction, Planet and capitalship names can be changed within the English.str file, but you might not be able to play with others in MP games due to differing checksums.
look for these near the beginning of the English.str file:
StringInfo
ID "IDSPlayerAINameTech0"
Value "Nitheim Rebels"
StringInfo
ID "IDSPlayerAINameTech1"
Value "Trade Coalition"
StringInfo
ID "IDSPlayerAINameTech2"
Value "Arn Consortium"
StringInfo
ID "IDSPlayerAINameTech3"
Value "Tondam Corporation"
=========
StringInfo
ID "IDS_STARNAME_218"
Value "Targus"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_STARNAME_219"
Value "Vione"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_STARNAME_220"
Value "Kronac"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_STARNAME_221"
Value "Draconis"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_PLANETNAME_000"
Value "Aarhus"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_PLANETNAME_001"
Value "Abderhalden"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_PLANETNAME_002"
Value "Aberdonia"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_PLANETNAME_003"
Value "Abilunon"
=================
StringInfo
ID "IDS_CAPITALSHIPNAME_TECH00"
Value "TDN Khronis"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_CAPITALSHIPNAME_TECH01"
Value "TDN Aegia"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_CAPITALSHIPNAME_TECH02"
Value "TDN Revoria"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_CAPITALSHIPNAME_TECH03"
Value "TDN Golgonev"
StringInfo
ID "IDS_CAPITALSHIPNAME_TECH04"
Value "TDN Behemov"
=====changing these will change faction, planet/star, and randomized Capitalship names.
Atm, SINS only supports TECH, PSI, and PHASE randomized names and not additional races. I, for 7 Deadly Sins 2.0 Final, have entries for Empire, Rogue, Atlantian, TCA, UNITY, DARK, Arilou, and Korhah, but there is currently no way to use them.
Hope this help you.